Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting
Factors which increase the likelihood of PONV...
- Female
- History or PONV
- Non-smoker
- Post-operative opioids
Apfel's rating system for risk of PONV:
| Number of factors |
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Risk rating |
10% | 20% | 40% | 60% | 80% |
Actions to reduce the risk of PONV...
- Avoid General Anaesthetics
- Use TIVA
- Use non-opioid analgesia
- Give IV fluids
- Use high FiO2
- Do not use Nitrous Oxide