Bronchospasm
Triggers...
- Asthma.
- Chronic obstructive airway disease.
- Recent upper respiratory infection.
- Pulmonary oedema.
- Anaphylaxis.
- Pneumothorax.
- Aspiration.
- Drugs: (opiates; induction; NM blocks).
- Laryngoscopy.
- Intubation.
- Reversal from anaesthesia.
Note:
When intubated, ventilation may become
difficult, or there may be a rise in airway pressure. In severe cases, silent
chest may occur ie, so little gas flow in or out that no sound is heard
during auscultation. Note: Absolute bronchospasm
may be difficult to distinguish from oesophageal intubation.
Treatment...
- Slow hand ventilation.
- 100% oxygen (20L).
- Slight withdrawal of ET Tube/LMA.
- Deeper anaesthesia.
- Salbutamol (β agonist).
In extreme cases, give Adrenaline.
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